I LOVE THE OLYMPICS!
And almost every other worldwide sporting event.
I was fortunate enough to be able to attend one of the Athletics sessions at the London 2012 games.
I’m writing this post as the Olympics kick off in Tokyo. 8 hours behind London, I find myself waking up to news of Gold medals. It’s one of those periods where you need to shut off from any form of media to avoid spoilers.
Sadly, spectators are banned from the games this year. Whilst I fully understand the decision, and agree with it, my chances of spending part of the summer in Tokyo were again dashed, as they were in 2020. Maybe next year…
Even without spectators, the Olympics requires a full scale logistics effort to get all teams to Japan. In this months post, I decided to look at what a herculean effort is required.
Methodology
I used IOC data for events and information about medals.
Note for team events, I’ve counted team size as players on the field (e.g. football = 11 players). The actual team size to include substitutes is not considered in this post, even though these team members will be eligible for medals.
All prices (flights and materials cost) use prices correct on July 31st 2021.
Results
Count of athletes at Tokyo 2020 by team
| Rank (count athletes) | Team | Count of athletes |
|---|---|---|
| … | … | … |
| 10 | ROC | 328 |
| 9 | Italy | 372 |
| 8 | Great Britain | 376 |
| 7 | Canada | 381 |
| 6 | France | 398 |
| 5 | China | 406 |
| 4 | Germany | 425 |
| 3 | Australia | 478 |
| 2 | Japan | 552 |
| 1 | United States | 613 |
At this years Olympics, 11,313 athletes will be competing.
Many athletes share rooms in the Olympic village, which leaves a requirement for at least 5,657 athlete rooms.
Assuming 3 meals per day (but likely probably much more) that’s 33,939 servings per day. If all athletes are there for 17 days (duration of Olympic event calendar), that’s a total of 576,963 meals.
Estimated cost of flying athletes to Tokyo 2020
A quick look at direct flights from London (LHR) to Tokyo (HND) in summer 2022 (1st July – 14th July), shows the cheapest economy ticket at £779 from British Airways. Let’s assume all GBR athletes booked in advance and flew this ticket in 2021, and ignoring training staff and equipment (how do you get horses to the Olympics?), gives a total transport cost of £292,904 (376*£779) for GBR.
Assuming the same average ticket cost for all athletes (minus Japan) gives a total of £8,382,819 (10,761*£779) of flight costs!
At this Olympics many athletes are required to fly home immediately after competing, meaning that all of these tickets will need to be made flexible at additional cost… or perhaps being an Olympian waives change fees?
Count events at 2020 Olympics by discipline
| Rank (count events) | Sport (Discipline) | Body | Count events 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|
| … | … | … | … |
| 9 | Canoe/kayak (sprint) | ICF | 12 |
| 9 | Track cycling | UCI | 12 |
| 9 | Freestyle wrestling | UWW | 12 |
| 9 | Fencing | FIE | 12 |
| 8 | Boxing | AIBA | 13 |
| 5 | Artistic | FIG | 14 |
| 5 | Rowing | FISA | 14 |
| 5 | Weightlifting | IWF | 14 |
| 3 | Judo | IJF | 15 |
| 3 | Shooting | ISSF | 15 |
| 2 | Swimming | FINA | 35 |
| 1 | Athletics | WAthle | 48 |
Athletics (48) and swimming (35) events have over twice as many events as any other discipline (male and female events are counted individually). Surprisingly, shooting (15), judo (15) and weightlifting (14) are joint 3rd and 5th by count of events.
In total there are 50 sports, across 20 disciplines, representing 339 events in total. This is five more sports and 18 new events compared to Rio 2016 Olympic Games.
Count of events by gender at Tokyo 2020
| Type | Count of events |
|---|---|
| Mens events | 165 |
| Womens events | 156 |
| Mixed events | 18 |
In the 1896 Athens games there were no women’s events. How far we’ve come.
In Rio 2016 there were 161 men’s events and 145 women’s events, so the balancing of genders in 2020 is getting closer to even.
It’s important to remember as much as male only events still occur, some events still remain women only too, like synchronized swimming.
There are also 18 mixed events at this years games, 9 more than at Rio 2016.
Medals awarded
Although there are 339 medal events, many more medals are awarded. This is due to the fact that some events are team based (4 x 100m sprint, etc.) where each participant gets a medal.
To make things even more complex, some teams rotate athletes during qualification phases. Athletes that take part in qualification, but do not compete in the final, are also still eligible for a medal.
Considering only the number of players on the field (e.g. 11 players for football) there would be a total of 614 athletes eligible for medals, or 1,842 medals total (614 x (1 gold + 1 silver + 1 bronze)).
Roughly, 1 in every 7 athletes who compete will win a medal (11,313 athletes /1842 medals).
Cost of medals
In April 2017, the Tokyo Olympic Medal Project started. The goal: to salvage 100% of the metals required to make the approximately 5,000 Olympic medals from unwanted electronic devices.
In total, the government collected several million tonnes of equipment, and extracted 32 kilograms of gold, 3500 kilograms of silver and 2200 kilograms of copper and zinc for the bronze medals.
In all, it took 78,985 tons of donated devices, including approximately 6.21 million mobile phones.
- Gold medals have a mass of 556 grams (1.2% gold, 98.8% silver)
- Silver medals have a mass of 550 grams (100% silver)
- Bronze medals have a mass of 450 grams (95% copper, 5% zinc)
At the time of writing rough wholesale prices are as as follow;
- 1g of gold = £42.03
- 1g of silver = £0.59
- 1g of copper = £0.006
- 1g of zinc = £0.002
So the team collected £1,344,960.00 worth of gold, £2,065,000.00 of silver and £12,760.00 of copper and zinc (based on material composition of bronze medal below).
The total collected considers all medals, including those for the Paralympics.
Looking again at the Olympics only…
Cost per medal
| Gold | Silver | Bronze | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mass (g) | 556 | 550 | 450 |
| Total material cost GBP | £604.53 | £324.50 | £2.61 |
You can see the inclusion of just 6g of gold makes the gold medal almost twice as expensive in materials cost than the silver. Bronze medals look like a bargain.
Cost of all medals
Considering the 1,842 medals awarded (614 of each type) gives a total value of medals of £575,230.62. Ignoring the costs to recycle the materials, the organisers managed to save some money here.
Medals sold at auction
The most expensive Olympic gold ever is the iconic medal won by African American sprinter Jesse Owens at the 1936 Berlin Olympics in Nazi Germany, sold at an auction in 2013 for $1.5m.
Ukrainian boxer Waldimir Klitschko sold his 1996 boxing gold medal for $1m in 2012 and donated the proceeds to charity.
Improvements
Materials costs considered wholesale market costs of materials. Seeing as all materials were donated, a better calculation for cost to produce (vs. value) would look at recycling costs. Similarly, it would also be interesting to consider the consumer value of materials, which will be much higher than wholesale.
Flight costs were also calculated in a very rough way. It would be much more accurate to consider ticket costs from each country. With numbers from the IOC (including auxiliary team staff) I could come up with a much more thorough analysis of total people travelling to the games in each team too.
I’d also like to include the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic games, not considered in this analysis.
tl;dr
At this years Olympics, 11,313 athletes will be competing in 339 events. In total, 1,842 medals will be awarded with a rough value of £575,230!
Footnotes
